Original Word: κατά
Part of Speech: Preposition
Transliteration: kata
Phonetic Spelling: (kat-ah’)
Short Definition: down from, against, according to, throughout, during
Definition: gen: against, down from, throughout, by; acc: over against, among, daily, day-by-day, each day, according to, by way of.

2596 katá (a preposition, governing two grammatical cases) – properly, “down from, i.e. from a higher to a lower plane, with special reference to the terminus (end-point)” (J. Thayer).

[2596 (katá) is written ‘kat‘ or ‘kath‘ before a vowel. So too, kata loses the final a before an initial diphthong (cf. BDF § 17; MH 61-62; R 206-208).

2596 /katá (“bring down exactly, complete”) is “opposite” to 303 /aná (“bring up to completion”).]

Word Origin
preposition of uncertain origin
Definition
down, against, according to
NASB Translation
about (5), accord (1), accordance (12), according (140), accordingly (1), after (8), after another (1), against (52), along (1), along the coast (2), among (3), another (2), around (1), basis (1), because (2), before (1), beyond* (1), case* (2), certain (1), circumstances* (2), conforming (1), contrary (1), daily* (10), down (4), each (2), effect (1), every (10), every* (1), exactly* (1), excessively* (1), godly* (1), how* (1), inasmuch* (2), individually* (1), just (2), like (4), more (1), motives (1), natural* (1), off (2), one* (2), outwardly* (1), over (3), private* (1), privately* (7), reference (1), rightly* (1), standpoint (2), terms (2), through (1), throughout (6), together* (1), various (4), way (4), within (2).

STRONGS NT 2596: κατά

κατά (on its neglect of elision before a vowel see Tdf, Proleg., p. 95; cf. Winers Grammar, § 5, 1 a.; a. 10; WH‘s Appendix, p. 146a), a preposition denoting motion or diffusion or direction from the higher to the lower; as in classical Greek, joined with the genitive and the accusative.I. With the genitive (Winer‘s Grammar, § 47, k., p. 381 (357); (B, § 147, 20));

1. properly,

a. down from, down: κατά τοῦ κρημνοῦ, Matthew 8:32; Mark 5:13; Luke 8:33; κατεχην κατά τῆς κεφαλῆς (so that it flowed down from his head (cf. Winer‘s Grammar, 381 (357) note); but it is more correct here to omit κατά with L T Tr WH; see καταχέω), Mark 14:3; hence κατά κεφαλῆς (a veil hanging down from his entry) ἔχων, 1 Corinthians 11:4 ((A. V. having his head covered) cf. καταπέτασμα (or rather κάλυμμα (which see), but see ἔχω, I. 1 b.)).

b. down upon (down into) anything: Acts 27:14 (Winers Grammar, 381 (357) note{1}; cf. B. D. American edition, under the word <reference_work:smith’s bible=”” dictionary=””>); tropically, ἡ κατά βάθους πτωχεία reaching down into the depth, i. e. deep or extreme poverty, 2 Corinthians 8:2 (cf. Strabo 9, 5, p. 419 ἐστι τό μαντεῖον ἄντρον κοῖλον κατά βάθους).

c. used of motion or extension through a space from top to bottom; hence through, throughout: in the N. T. (and in Luke’s writings; Buttmann, § 147, 20) everywhere with the adjective ὅλος, as καθ’ ὅλης τῆς περιχώρου τῆς Ἰουδαίας, τῆς Ἰόππης, Luke 4:14; Luke 23:5; Acts 9:31; Acts 10:37 (διεσπάρησαν κατά τῆς νήσου, Polybius 3, 19, 7; ἐσκεδάσμενοι κατά τῆς χώρας, 1, 17, 10; 3, 76, 10; μή παραβαίνειν τάς ἁμαροτροχιας, ἀλλά κατ’ αὐτῶν ἰέναι, Aelian v. h. 2, 27).

2. metaphorically,

a. after verbs of swearing, adjuring (the hand being, as it were, placed down upon the thing sworn by (cf. Bernhardy (1829), p. 238; Kühner, § 433 at the end)), by: Matthew 26:63; Hebrews 6:13, 16 (Isaiah 45:23; 2 Chronicles 36:13; Judith 1:12; Demosthenes 553, 17; 554, 23).

b. against (properly, down upon (Winer‘s Grammar, 382 (358)); Hebrew עַל): opposed to ὑπέρ, Mark 9:40; 2 Corinthians 13:8; Romans 8:31; opposed to μετά, Matthew 12:30; Luke 11:23; after ἐπιθυμεῖν, Galatians 5:17; εἰπεῖν πονηρόν (ῤῆμα), Matthew 5:11; λαλεῖν, Acts 6:13; Jude 1:15; μαρτυρία, Mark 14:55; Matthew 26:59; μαρτυρεῖν, 1 Corinthians 15:15 (here many take κατά equivalent to with regard to, of; cf. DeWette at the passage; Lob. ad Phryn., p. 272); ψευδομαρτύρειν, Mark 14:56f; γογγύζειν, Matthew 20:11 (Exodus 15:24 Alex.); διδάσκειν, Acts 21:28; ψεύδεσθαι, James 3:14 (Xenophon, Apology 13); συμβούλιον λαβεῖν or ποιεῖν, Matthew 27:1; Mark 3:6; αἰτεῖσθαι τί, Acts 25:3, 15; after verbs of accusing, etc.: ἔχειν τί, Matthew 5:23; Mark 11:25; Revelation 2:4, 14, 20; κατηγορεῖν, Luke 23:14; κατηγορία, John 18:29 (Tdf. omits κατά); ἐγκάλειν, Romans 8:33; ἐντυγχάνειν τίνι, Romans 11:2; add, Acts 24:1; Acts 25:2; James 5:9; τό χειρόγραφον, Colossians 2:14; κρίσιν ποιεῖν, Jude 1:15; after verbs of rebelling, fighting, prevailing: Matthew 10:35; Matthew 12:25; Acts 14:2; 1 Corinthians 4:6; 2 Corinthians 10:5; 1 Peter 2:11; (Revelation 12:7 Rec.); ἰσχύειν, Acts 19:16; ἐξουσίαν ἔχειν, John 19:11.

II. With the accusative; cf. Winers Grammar, § 49 d.; Bernhardy (1829), p. 239ff

1. of place;

a. of the place through which anything is done or is extended (properly, down through; opposed to ἀνά, up through): καθ’ ὅλην τήν πόλιν κηρύσσειν, Luke 8:39; ἐκφέρειν κατά τάς πλατείας, Acts 5:15 (R G); add, Luke 9:6; Luke 13:22; Luke 15:14; Acts 8:1; Acts 11:1; Acts 15:23; Acts 21:21; Acts 24:5, 12; Acts 27:2; τούς κατά τά ἔθνη (throughout Gentile lands) πάντας Ἰουδαίους, Acts 21:21, cf. Grimm on 2 Macc. 1:1; κατά τήν ὁδόν, along the way i. e. on the journey (Winer‘s Grammar, 400 (374) note{1}), Luke 10:4; Acts 8:36; Acts 25:3; Acts 26:13; along (Latinsecundum orpraeter (R. V. off)), πέλαγος τό κατά τήν Κιλικίαν, Acts 27:5.

b. of the place to which one is brought (down): γενόμενος (Tr WH omit γ.) κατά τόν τόπον (ἐλθών etc.), Luke 10:32 (cf. Field, Otium Norv. Pars iii at the passage); ἐλθόντες κατά τήν Μυσίαν, Acts 16:7; κατά τήν Κνίδον, Acts 27:7; κατ’ αὐτόν (came) to him, i. e. to the place where he was lying, Luke 10:33.

c. of direction; toward: Λιβύη ἡ κατά Κυρήνην, that Libya which lay toward Cyrene, i. e. Libya of Cyrene (i. e. the chief city of which was Cyrene), Acts 2:10; βλέπειν, to look, lie toward (see βλέπω, 3), Acts 27:12; πορεύεσθαι κατά μεσημβρίαν, Acts 8:26; κατά σκοπόν, toward the goal, my eye on the goal, Philippians 3:14. against (Latinadversus with the accusative); over against, opposite: κατά πρόσωπον, to the face, Galatians 2:11 (see πρόσωπον, 1 a.); equivalent to present, Acts 25:16 (A. V. face to face); 2 Corinthians 10:1; with the genitive of person added, before the face of, in the presence of, one: Luke 2:31; Acts 3:13; τά κατά πρόσωπον, the things that are open to view, known to all, 2 Corinthians 10:7; κατ’ ὀφθαλμούς, before the eyes, Galatians 3:1; here, too, according to some (cf. Winer‘s Grammar, 400 (374) note{3}) belongs κατά Θεόν, Romans 8:27, but it is more correctly referred to 3 c. α. below.

d. of the place where: κατ’ οἶκον (opposed to ἐν τῷ ἱερῷ), at home, privately (Winer‘s Grammar, 400 (374) note{1}), Acts 2:46; Acts 5:42.

e. of that which so joins itself to one thing as to separate itself from another; our for, by: κατ’ ἰδίαν, apart, see ἴδιος, 2; καθ’ ἑαυτόν, alone (by himself), Acts 28:16; James 2:17 (R. V. in itself) (2 Macc. 13:13; οἱ καθ’ αὑτούς Ἕλληνες, Thucydides 1, 138; οἱ Βοιωτοι καθ’ αὑτούς, Diodorus 13, 72; other examples are given by Alberti, Observations, etc., p. 293; Loesner, Observations, e Philone, p. 460f); ἔχειν τί καθ’ ἑαυτόν, to have a thing by and to oneself, i. e. to keep it hidden in one’s mind, Romans 14:22 (Josephus, Antiquities 2, 11, 1; Heliodorus 7, 16; (cf. Winer‘s Grammar, 401 (375) note{1})); hence, of that which belongs to some person or thing: κατά τήν οὖσαν ἐκκλησίαν, belonging to (A. V. in) the church that was there, Acts 13:1; ἡ ἐκκλησία κατ’ οἶκον τίνος, belonging to one’s household (see ἐκκλησία, 4 b. aa.); hence it forms a periphrasis — now for the genitive, as τά κατά Ἰουδαίους ἔθη (equivalent to τῶν Ἰουδαίων), Acts 26:3; now for the possessive pronoun, οἱ καθ’ ὑμᾶς ποιηταί, your own poets, Acts 17:28 (here WH marginal reading καθ’ ἡμᾶς, see their Introductory § 404); νόμου τοῦ καθ’ ὑμᾶς (a law of your own), Acts 18:15; τό κατ’ ἐμέ πρόθυμον, my inclination, Romans 1:15 (see πρόθυμος); ἡ καθ’ ὑμᾶς πίστις, Ephesians 1:15 (ἡ κατά τόν τύραννον ὠματης τέ καί δύναμις, Diodorus 14, 12; μέχρι τῶν καθ’ ἡμᾶς χρόνων, Dionysius Halicarnassus, Antiquities 2, 1; cf. Grimm on 2 Macc. 4:21, p. 88; a throng of examples from Polybius may be seen in Schweighaeuser, Lex. Polybius, p. 323f; (cf. Winers Grammar, 154 (146); 400 (374) note{2}; especially Buttmann, § 132, 2)).

2. of Time (cf. Winers Grammar, 401 (374)); during, about; Latintempore: κατ’ ἐκεῖνον, or τοῦτον τόν καιρόν, Acts 12:1; Acts 19:23; Romans 9:9; Hebrews 9:9 (R G); κατά τό αὐτό, at the same time, together, Acts 14:1 (see αὐτός, III. 1); κατά τό μεσονύκτιον, Acts 16:25; κατά μέσον τῆς νυκτός, Acts 27:27; (possibly also κατά μεσημβρίαν, at noon, Acts 8:26 (see μεσημβρία, b.)); κατά καιρόν, see καιρός, 2 a.; κατ’ ἀρχάς (Herodotus 3, 153), in the beginning (of things), Hebrews 1:10; κατά τήν ἡμέραν τοῦ πειρασμοῦ, Hebrews 3:8 (as the Sept. in this passage have rendered the preposition כְּ in the context by ὡς (ἐν τῷ παραπικρασμῷ, Psalm 94:8 ()), some would take it and κατά here equivalent to like as in the day etc.; Vulg.secundum); κατά πᾶν σάββατον, Acts 13:27; Acts 15:21; Acts 18:4; καθ’ ἑκάστην ἡμέραν, Hebrews 3:13; κατά μῆνα (ἕνα) ἕκαστον, Revelation 22:2; κατ’ ὄναρ, during a dream, see ὄναρ.

3. it denotes reference, relation, proportion, of various sorts;

a. distributively, indicating a succession of things following one another (Winers Grammar, 401 (374); Buttmann, § 147, 20); α, in reference to place: κατά πόλιν, in every city (city by city, from city to city), Luke 8:1, 4; Acts 15:21; Acts 20:23; Titus 1:5 (Thucydides 1, 122); κατ’ ἐκκλησίαν, in every church, Acts 14:23; with the plural, κατά πόλεις, Luke 13:22; κατά τάς κώμας, Luke 9:6 (Herodotus 1, 96); κατά τόπους, Matthew 24:7; Mark 13:8; Luke 21:11; κατά τάς συναγωγάς, in every synagogue, Acts 22:19; (cf. κατά τούς οἴκους εἰσπορευόμενος, Acts 8:3). β. in reference to time: κατ’ ἔτος, yearly, year by year, Luke 2:41; also κατ’ ἐνιαυτόν (see ἐνιαυτός); καθ’ ἡμέραν etc., see ἡμέρα, 2, p. 278{a}; κατά μίαν σαββάτου (R G σαββάτων), on the first day of every week, 1 Corinthians 16:2; κατά ἑορτήν, at any and every feast, Matthew 27:15; Mark 15:6; Luke 23:17 (Rec.; cf. Buttmann, § 133, 26. Others understand the phrase in these passages (contextually) “at or during (see 2 above) the feast,” viz. the Passover; cf. Winer‘s Grammar, 401 (374)). γ. universally: καθ’ ἕνα πάντες, all one by one, successively, 1 Corinthians 14:31, see more fully in εἷς, 4 c.; κατά δύο, by two, 1 Corinthians 14:27; κατά ἑκατόν καί κατά πεντήκοντα, by hundreds and by fifties, Mark 6:40 L T Tr WH; κατά μέρος, severally, singly, part by part, Hebrews 9:5 (Herodotus 9, 25; Xenophon, anab. 3, 4, 22); κατ’ ὄνομα, by name, i. e. each by its own name (Vulg.nominatim (orper nomen)): John 10:3; 3 John 1:15 (14); cf. Herm. ad Vig., p. 858f.

b. equivalent to the Latinratione habita alicuius rei vel personae; as respects; with regard to; in reference to; so far as relates to; as concerning; (Winer‘s Grammar, 401 (375)): κατά σάρκα or κατά τήν σάρκα, as to the flesh (see σάρξ (especially 2b.)), Romans 1:3; Romans 9:3, 5; 1 Corinthians 1:26; 1 Corinthians 10:18; 2 Corinthians 11:18; οἱ κύριοι κατά σάρκα (Luther well,die leiblichen Herren), in earthly relations, according to the arrangements of society, Ephesians 6:5; κατά τό εὐαγγέλιον, κατά τήν ἐκλογήν, Romans 11:28; add, Romans 1:4; Romans 7:22; Philippians 3:5; Hebrews 9:9; τά κατά τινα, one’s affairs, one’s case, Acts 24:22; Acts 25:14; Ephesians 6:21; Philippians 1:12; Colossians 4:7 (and very often in classical Greek); κατά πάντα τρόπον, in every way, in every respect, Romans 3:2; the opposite κατά μηδένα τρόπον, in no wise, 2 Thessalonians 2:3; κατά πάντα, in all respects, in all things, Acts 17:22; Colossians 3:20, 22; Hebrews 2:17; Hebrews 4:15 (Thucydides 4, 81).

c. according to, agreeably to; in reference to agreement or conformity to a standard, in various ways (Winer‘s Grammar, 401 (375)); α. according to anything as a standard, agreeably to: περιπατεῖν κατά τί, Mark 7:5; Romans 8:1 (Rec.), ; ; 2 Thessalonians 3:6; Ephesians 2:2; ζῆν κατά, Acts 26:5; Romans 8:12f; πορεύεσθαι, 2 Peter 3:3; ἀποδιδόναι τίνι, Matthew 16:27, etc. (see ἀποδίδωμι, (especially 4)); λαμβάνειν, 1 Corinthians 3:8; so with many other verbs a thing is said to be done or to occur κατά, as in Luke 2:27, 29; John 7:24; Colossians 2:8; Colossians 3:10; 1 Timothy 1:18; Hebrews 7:15; Hebrews 8:5, 9; 1 John 5:14, etc.; (on the phrase κατ’ ἄνθρωπον, see ἄνθρωπος, especially 1 c.; (cf. ἐ. below; Winer‘s Grammar, 402 (376))); κατά τήν γραφήν, τάς γραφάς, James 2:8; 1 Corinthians 15:3f.; κατά τό γεγραμμένον, 2 Corinthians 4:13; κατά τό εἰρημένον, Romans 4:18; κατά τόν νόμον, Luke 2:39; John 18:31; John 19:7; Hebrews 9:22; κατά τό εὐαγγέλιον μου, Romans 2:16; Romans 16:25; 2 Timothy 2:8, cf. 1 Timothy 1:11; κατά τό ὡρισμένον, Luke 22:22; καθ’ ὁμοίωσιν Θεοῦ, James 3:9; κατά λόγον rightly, justly (A. V. reason would etc.), Acts 18:14; κατά τινα, agreeably to the will of anyone, as pleases him (Winer‘s Grammar, 401f (375)): so κατά Θεόν, Romans 8:27 (cf. 1 c. above); 2 Corinthians 7:9, 11; κατά Χρσιτον Ἰησοῦν, Romans 15:5; κατά κύριον, 2 Corinthians 11:17; κατά τόν καθαρισμόν, after the manner of purifying, as the rite of purification prescribed, John 2:6; οἱ κατά σάρκα ὄντες, who bear, reflect, the nature of the flesh, equivalent to οἱ σαρκικοί, and οἱ κατά πνεῦμα ὄντες equivalent to οἱ πνευματικοί, Romans 8:5; κατά τί γνώσομαι; in accordance with what criterion i. e. by what sign shall I know? Luke 1:18. Here belongs the use of the preposition in the titles of the records of the life of Christ: εὐαγγέλιον (which word the Sinaiticus and Vaticanus manuscripts omit) κατά Ματθαῖον, Μᾶρκον, etc., as Matthew etc. composed or wrote (it). This use of the preposition was not primarily a mere periphrasis for the genitive (Ματθαιου, etc., see II. 1 e. above), but indicated that the same subject had been otherwise handled by others, cf. ἡ παλαιά διαθήκη κατά τούς ἑβδομήκοντα (in tacit contrast not only to the Hebrew text, but also to the Greek translations made by others); οἱ ὑπομνηματισμοι οἱ κατά Νημιαν, 2 Macc. 2:13 (see Grimm at the passage). Subsequently κατά with an accusative of the writer came to take the place of the genitive, as ἡ κατά Μωϋσέα πεντάτευχος in Epiphanius (haer. 8, 4. Cf. Winers Grammar, 402 (375); Buttmann, 3; 157 (137); and see, further, Sophocles‘ Lexicon, under the word εὐαγγέλιον, James Morison, Commentary on Matthew, Introductory § 4). β. in proportion to, according to the measure of: χαρίσματα κατά τήν χάριν τήν δοθεῖσαν ἡμῖν διάφορα, Romans 12:6; κατά τό μέτρον, 2 Corinthians 10:13; Ephesians 4:7; κατά τήν σκληρότητά σου, Romans 2:5; κατά τόν χρόνον, Matthew 2:16; ἑκάστῳ κατά τήν ἰδίαν δύναμιν, Matthew 25:15; without the article κατά δύναμιν, 2 Corinthians 8:3 (opposed to ὑπέρ δύναμιν, as Homer, Iliad 3, 59 κατ’ Αισαν, ὀυδ’ ὑπέρ Αισαν); καθ’ ὅσον, by so much as, inasmuch as, Hebrews 3:3; Hebrews 7:20; Hebrews 9:27; κατά τοσοῦτο, by so much, Hebrews 7:22. γ. used of the cause; through, on account of, from, owing to (in accordance with i. e. in consequence of, by virtue of) (Winer‘s Grammar, 402 (376)): κατά πᾶσαν αἰτίαν, (for every cause), Matthew 19:3; κατά τήν χάριν τοῦ Θεοῦ, 1 Corinthians 3:10; 2 Thessalonians 1:12; 2 Timothy 1:9 (κατά τήν τοῦ Θεοῦ πρόνοιαν, Josephus, Antiquities 20, 8, 6); κατά χάριν, Romans 4:16; also opposed to κατά ὀφείλημα (R. V. as of … as of), Romans 4:4; οἱ κατά φύσιν κλάδοι, the natural branches, Romans 11:21 (cf. Buttmann, 162 (141)); ἡ κατά φύσιν ἀγριλαιος, the natural wild olive tree, Romans 11:24; ἡ κατά πίστιν δικαιοσύνη, righteousness proceeding from faith, Hebrews 11:7; add, Romans 8:28; Romans 9:11; Romans 11:5; Romans 16:25; 1 Corinthians 12:8; 2 Corinthians 13:10; Galatians 2:2; Galatians 3:29; Ephesians 1:5, 7, 9, 11, 19; Ephesians 3:7, 11, 16, 20; Colossians 1:11, 29; Philippians 1:20; Philippians 3:21; Philippians 4:11, 19; 2 Thessalonians 1:12; 2 Thessalonians 2:9; 2 Timothy 1:8; Hebrews 2:4; Hebrews 7:16; Titus 1:3; 1 Peter 1:3; 2 Peter 3:15. adverbial phrases (Winer‘s Grammar, § 51, 2 g.): κατ’ ἐξουσίαν (with authority), Mark 1:27; κατ’ ἀνάγκην, κατά ἑκούσιον (q. v) (of necessity, of free will), Philemon 1:14; κατά γνῶσιν, 1 Peter 3:7; κατ’ ἐπίγνωσιν, Romans 10:2 (cf. Winer‘s Grammar, 403 (376)); κατά ἄγνοιαν (in ignorance), Acts 3:17. δ. of likeness; as, like as: συντελέσω … διαθήκην καινήν, οὐ κατά τήν διαθήκην κτλ., Hebrews 8:8f (1 Kings 11:10); so with the accusative of a person (cf. under α. above), Galatians 4:28; 1 Peter 1:15; κατά Θεόν, after the image of God, Ephesians 4:24; κρίνεσθαι κατά ἀνθρώπους, ζῆν κατά Θεόν, to be judged as it is fit men should be judged, to live as God lives, 1 Peter 4:6. Hence, it is used ε. of the mode in which a thing is done; of the quality: ἄνδρες οἱ κατ’ ἐξοχήν τῆς πόλεως, the principal men of the city, Acts 25:23; καθ’ ὑπομένην ἔργου ἀγαθοῦ, equivalent to ὑπομένοντες ἐν ἔργῳ ἀγαθῷ (by constancy in well-doing), Romans 2:7; especially in adverbial phrases: κατά ταῦτα in (or after) the same (or this) manner, Luke 6:23 (L text T Tr WH κατά τά αὐτά, L marginal reading κατά ταῦτα) (26 (editions as before)); Luke 17:30 (T Tr WH κατά τά αὐτά, G L κατά ταῦτα); καθ’ ὑπερβολήν, Romans 7:13; 1 Corinthians 12:31, etc. (cf. Winers Grammar, 466 (434); Buttmann, 96 (84)); κατά πίστιν equivalent to πιστεύοντες (A. V. in faith; cf. Winer‘s Grammar, 403 (376)), Hebrews 11:13; κατά συγγνώμην, οὐ κτἀ ἐπιταγήν, by way of concession, not by way of commandment, 1 Corinthians 7:6, cf. 2 Corinthians 8:8; κατά κράτος, Acts 19:20; καθ’ ὁμοιότητα, Hebrews 4:15; on the phrase κατά ἄνθρωπον see ἄνθρωπος, 1 c. (cf. α. above).

d. of the end aimed at; the goal to which anything tends; (Latinad (Winer‘s Grammar, 402f (376))): κατ’ ἐπαγγελίαν ζωῆς, to proclaim life, 2 Timothy 1:1 (but see ἐπαγγελία, 1); κατ’ εὐσέβειαν, tending to godliness (1 Timothy 6:3; Titus 1:1) (see εὐσέβεια; (yet others refer these examples and that which follows, to the use set forth above, in c.)); κατά πίστιν, to awaken, produce faith, Titus 1:1 (examples of this use of κατά from Homer, Herodotus, Thucydides, Xenophon, may be seen in Passow, under the word II. 3, p. 1598{b}; (Liddell and Scott, under the word B. III. 1); cf. Herm. ad Vig., p. 632; Kühner, ii., p. 412); many refer to this head also κατ’ ἀτιμίαν (to my dishonor (Winer‘s Grammar, 402f (376))) λέγω, 2 Corinthians 11:21 (κατ’ τήν τιμήν τοῦ Θεοῦ τοῦτο ποιῶν, to the honor of God, Josephus, Antiquities 3, 11, 4); but see ἀτιμία.

III. In Composition κατά denotes,

1. from, down from, from a higher to a lower place: with special reference to the terminus from which, as καταβαίνω, καταβιβάζω, etc. (cf. Winer‘s Grammar, 431 (401f)); with more prominent reference to the lower terminus (down), as καταβάλλω, καταπατέω, etc. (cf. Winer‘s Grammar, as above); also of the situation or local position, as κατάκειμαι, καθεύδω, κατατίθημι, καθίζω, etc. from top to bottom, metaphorically, of things done with care, thoroughly, as καταμανθάνω, καθοράω, etc.

2. in succession, in course: καθξης; one part after another, καταρτίζω, κατευθύνω, etc.

3. under, underneath: καταχθόνιος; the idea of putting under resides in verbs denoting victory, rule, etc., over others, as katadunasteuoo], κατακυριεύω, κατεξουσιάζω, καταδουλόω; likewise in verbs naming that with which anything is covered, concealed, overwhelmed etc., as κατακαλύπτω, καταλιθάζω, κατασφραγίζω, κατασκιάζω, καταισχύνω (where the German uses the prefixüber (English over), asüberschatten, überdecken, or the syllablebe, asbeschatten, besiegeln); also in adjj. denoting an abundance of that with which a thing is filled up or as it were covered up; see below in κατείδωλος.

4. like the German ver-,zer-, it denotes separation, dissolution, in verbs of wasting, dissolving, etc., as κατακόπτω, κατάγνυμι, κατακαίω, κατακλάω, καταλύω, κατακλύζω, καταναλίσκω, καταφθείρω, etc.

5. equivalent to after, behind: καταδιώκω, καταλείπω, κατακολουθέω, etc.

6. used of proportion and distribution, as κατακληροδοτέω, κατακληρονομέω, etc.

7. of hostility, against etc.: καταδικάζω, κατακρίνω, καταλαλέω, καταγινώσκω, etc. Cf. Herm. ad Vig., p. 637ff (On the construction of verbs compounded with κατά, see Winers Grammar, as above; cf. Buttmann, 165 (143f).)

according to, against, amongA primary particle; (prepositionally) down (in place or time), in varied relations (according to the case (genitive, dative or accusative) with which it is joined) — about, according as (to), after, against, (when they were) X alone, among, and, X apart, (even, like) as (concerning, pertaining to touching), X aside, at, before, beyond, by, to the charge of, (charita-)bly, concerning, + covered, (dai-)ly, down, every, (+ far more) exceeding, X more excellent, for, from… To, godly, in(-asmuch, divers, every, -to, respect of),… By, after the manner of, + by any means, beyond (out of) measure, X mightily, more, X natural, of (up-)on (X part), out (of every), over against, (+ your) X own, + particularly, so, through(-oughout, -oughout every), thus, (un-)to(-gether, -ward), X uttermost, where(-by), with. In composition it retains many of these applications, and frequently denotes opposition, distribution, or intensity.

Original Word: νοῦς, νοός, νοΐ, νοῦν, ὁ
Part of Speech: Noun, Masculine
Transliteration: nous
Phonetic Spelling: (nooce)
Short Definition: the mind, reasoning faculty
Definition: the mind, the reason, the reasoning faculty, intellect.

3563 noús (a masculine noun) – the God-given capacity of each person to think (reason); the mind; mental capacity to exercise reflective thinking. For the believer, 3563 (noús) is the organ of receiving God’s thoughts, through faith.

Ro 12:2,3: “²And do not be conformed to this world, but be transformed by the renewing of your mind (3563 /ólynthos), so that you may prove what the will (2307 /thélēma) of God is, that which is good and acceptable and perfect. ³For through the grace given to me I say to everyone among you not to think more highly of himself than he ought to think; but to think so as to have sound judgment, as God has allotted to each a measure of faith (4102 /pístis)” (NASU).

Word Origin
contr. of a prim. word noos (mind)
Definition
mind, understanding, reason
NASB Translation
composure (1), comprehension (1), mind (20), minds (1), understanding (1).

STRONGS NT 3563: νως

νως, see νοῦς.STRONGS NT 3563: νοῦςνοῦς (contracted from νως), ὁ, genitive νως,dative νοι< (so in later Greek for the earlier forms νου, νώ, contracted from νωυ, νόω; cf. Lob. ad Phryn., p. 453; Winers Grammar, § 8, 2 b.; (Buttmann, 12f (12))), accusative νοῦν (contracted from νῷν), the Sept. for לֵב and לֵבָב (from Homer down); mind (German Sinn), i. e.

1. the mind, comprising alike the faculties of perceiving and understanding and those of feeling, judging, determining; hence, specifically,

a. the intellective faculty, the understanding: Luke 24:45 (on which see διανοίγω, 2); Philippians 4:7; Revelation 13:18; Revelation 17:9; opposed to τό πνεῦμα, the spirit intensely roused and completely absorbed with divine things, but destitute of clear ideas of them, 1 Corinthians 14:14f, 19; ἔχειν τόν νοῦν κυρίου (L text, others Χριστοῦ), to be furnished with the understanding of Christ, 1 Corinthians 2:16b.

b. reason (German die Vernunft) in the narrower sense, as the capacity for spiritual truth, the higher powers of the soul, the faculty of perceiving dibble things, of recognizing goodness and of hating evil: Romans 1:28; Romans 7:23; Ephesians 4:17; 1 Timothy 6:5; 2 Timothy 3:8 (cf. Winers Grammar, 229 (215); Buttmann, § 134, 7); Titus 1:15; opposed to ἡ σάρξ, Romans 7:25; ἀνανεοῦσθαι τῷ πνεύματι τοῦ νως, to be so changed that the spirit which governs the mind is renewed, Ephesians 4:23; (cf. ἡ ἀνακαίνωσις τοῦ νως, Romans 12:2).

c. the power of considering and judging soberly, calmly and impartially: 2 Thessalonians 2:2.

2. a particular mode of thinking and judging: Romans 14:5; 1 Corinthians 1:10; equivalent to thoughts, feelings, purposes: τοῦ κυρίου (from Isaiah 40:13), Romans 11:34; 1 Corinthians 2:16a; equivalent to desires, τῆς σαρκός, Colossians 2:18 (cf. Meyer at the passage).

mind, understanding.Probably from the base of ginosko; the intellect, i.e. Mind (divine or human; in thought, feeling, or will); by implication, meaning — mind, understanding. Compare psuche.

see GREEK ginosko

see GREEK psuche

now double click below words:

nous

stoicism

precept (look how this word pertains to the english language with the laws of a noun regarding the way we’ve been taught.)

logos

Original Word: ἐν
Part of Speech: Preposition
Transliteration: en
Phonetic Spelling: (en)
Short Definition: in, on, among
Definition: in, on, among.

1722 en (a preposition) – properly, in (inside, within); (figuratively) “in the realm (sphere) of,” as in the condition (state) in which something operates from the inside (within).

Word Origin
a prim. preposition denoting position and by impl. instrumentality
Definition
in, on, at, by, with
NASB Translation
about (3), afterwards* (2), along (1), amid (1), among (124), among* (4), because (3), before (1), before* (3), besides (1), between* (1), case (2), child* (4), circumstance (1), circumstances (1), conscious* (1), death* (1), during (7), earnestly* (1), free* (1), had (1), here* (2), how* (1), means (1), outwardly* (1), over (1), there* (2), through (18), throughout (4), together (1), under (5), under…circumstances (1), undisturbed* (1), until* (1), way (4), when (19), when* (3), where* (2), while (19), while* (3), within (14), within* (1).

STRONGS NT 1722: ἐν

ἐν, a preposition taking the dative after it; Hebrew בְּ; Latinin with abl.; English in, on, at, with, by, among. (Winers Grammar, § 48 a.; Buttmann, 328f (282f)) It is used:I. Locally;

1. of place proper;

a. in the interior of some whole; within the limits of some space: ἐν γαστρί, Matthew 1:18; ἐν Βηθλημ, Matthew 2:1; ἐν τῇ πόλει, Luke 7:37; ἐν τῇ Ἰουδαία, ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ, ἐν τῷ πλοίῳ, ἐν τῷ οὐρανῷ, and innumerable other examples b. in (on) the surface of a place (German auf): ἐν τῷ ὄρει, John 4:20; Hebrews 8:5; ἐν πλαξί, 2 Corinthians 3:3; ἐν τῇ ἀγορά, Matthew 20:3; ἐν τῇ ὁδῷ, Matthew 5:25, etc.

c. of proximity, at, near, by: ἐν ταῖς γωνίαις τῶν πλατειῶν, Matthew 6:5; ἐν τῷ Σιλωάμ, at the fountain Siloam, Luke 13:4; ἐν τῷ γαζοφυλακίῳ, John 8:20 (see B. D. American edition under the word <reference_work:smith’s bible=”” dictionary=””>: and on this passage and the preceding cf. Winer‘s Grammar, 385 (360)); καθίζειν ἐν τῇ δεξιά Θεοῦ etc., at the right hand: Hebrews 1:3; Hebrews 8:1; Ephesians 1:20.

d. of the contents of a writing, book, etc.: ἐν τῇ ἐπιστολή, 1 Corinthians 5:9; ἐν κεφαλίδι βιβλίου γράφειν, Hebrews 10:7; ἐν τῇ βίβλῳ, τῷ βιβλίῳ, Revelation 13:8; Galatians 3:10; ἐν τῷ νόμῳ, Luke 24:44; John 1:45 (46); ἐν τοῖς προφήταις, in the book of the prophets, Acts 13:40; ἐν Ἠλίᾳ, in that portion of Scripture which treats of Elijah, Romans 11:2, cf. Fritzsche at the passage; (Delitzsch, Brief a. d. Römer, p. 12; Winers Grammar, 385 (360); Buttmann, 331 (285)); ἐν Δαυίδ, in the Psalms of David, Hebrews 4:7 (see Δαβίδ, at the end); ἐν τῷ ὡσεη, in the prophecies of Hosea, Romans 9:25.

e. tropically, applied to things not perceived by the senses, as ἐν τῇ καρδία, ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις, Matthew 5:28; Matthew 13:19; 2 Corinthians 4:6, and often; ἐν ταῖς συνειδησεσι, 2 Corinthians 5:11.

2. with the dative of a person, in the person, nature, soul, thought of anyone: thus ἐν τῷ Θεῷ κέκρυπται ἡ ζωή ὑμῶν, it lies hidden as it were in the bosom of God until it shall come forth to view, Colossians 3:3, cf. Ephesians 3:9; ἐν αὐτῷ, i. e. in the person of Christ, κατοικεῖ πᾶν τό πλήρωμαa etc., Colossians 1:19; Colossians 2:3 ((?), 9). phrases in which ἡ ἁμαρτία is said to dwell in men, Romans 7:17f; or ὁ Χριστός (the mind, power, life of Christ) εἶναι, (John 17:26); Romans 8:10; 2 Corinthians 13:5; μένειν, John 6:56; (John 15:4, 5); ζῆν, Galatians 2:20; μορφουσθαι, Galatians 4:19; λαλεῖν, 2 Corinthians 13:3; ὁ λόγος τοῦ Θεοῦ εἶναι, 1 John 1:10; μένειν, John 5:38; ἐνοικεῖν or οἰκεῖν ὁ λόγος τοῦ Χριστοῦ, Colossians 3:16; τό πνεῦμα (of God, of Christ), Romans 8:9, 11; 1 Corinthians 3:16; 2 Timothy 1:14; τό ἐν τίνι χάρισμα, 1 Timothy 4:14; 2 Timothy 1:6; ἐνεργεῖν ἐν τίνι, Matthew 14:2; Ephesians 2:2; 1 Corinthians 12:6, etc.; ἐνεργεῖσθαι, Colossians 1:29; κατεργάζεσθαι, Romans 7:8. after verbs of revealing, manifesting: ἀποκαλύψαι ἐν ἐμοί, in my soul, Galatians 1:16; φανερόν ἐστιν ἐν αὐτοῖς, Romans 1:19. ἐν ἑαυτῷ, ἐν ἑαυτοῖς, within oneself, i. e. in the soul, spirit, heart: after the verbs εἰδέναι, John 6:61; εἰπεῖν, Luke 7:39; Luke 18:4; ἐμβρίμασθαι, John 11:38; στενάζειν, Romans 8:23; διαλογίζεσθαι, Mark 2:8 (alternating there with ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις, cf. Mark 2:6); Luke 12:17; διαπόρειν, Acts 10:17; λέγειν, Matthew 3:9; Matthew 9:21; Luke 7:49; also 2 Corinthians 1:9; for other examples of divers kinds, see εἰμί, V. 4 e.

3. It answers to the German an (on; often freely to be rendered in the case of, with, etc. Winer‘s Grammar, § 48, a. 3 a.), when used a. of the person or thing on whom or on which some power is operative: ἵνα οὕτω γένηται ἐν ἐμοί, 1 Corinthians 9:15; ποιεῖν τί ἐν τίνι, Matthew 17:12; Luke 23:31; cf. Matthiae, ii., p. 1341; (Winers Grammar, as above and 218 (204f); Buttmann, 149 (130)).

b. of that in which something is manifest (Winer‘s Grammar, as above): μανθάνειν ἐν τίνι, 1 Corinthians 4:6; γινώσκειν, Luke 24:35; John 13:35; 1 John 3:19 (examples from the classics are given by Passow, 1:2, p. 908b; (cf. Liddell and Scott, under the word, A. III.)); likewise of that in which a thing is sought: ζητεῖν ἐν τίνι, 1 Corinthians 4:2.

c. after verbs of stumbling, striking: προσκόπτειν, Romans 14:21; πταίειν, James 2:10; ἐκανδαλίζεσθαι, which see in its place.

4. with, among, in the presence of, with the dative of person (also often in the classics; cf. Matthiae, ii., p. 1340; Winer‘s Grammar, 385 (360) and 217f (204)): 1 Corinthians 2:6; ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖς ἡμῶν, Matthew 21:42; ἐν ἐμοί, in my judgment, 1 Corinthians 14:11; (perhaps add Jude 1:1 L T Tr WH; but cf. 6 b. below). To this head some refer ἐν ὑμῖν, 1 Corinthians 6:2, interpreting it in your assembly, cf. Meyer at the passage; but see 5 d.γ.

5. used of that with which a person is surrounded, equipped, furnished, assisted, or acts (Winers Grammar, § 48, a. 1 b.);

a. in equivalent to among, with collective nouns: ἐν τῷ ὄχλῳ, Mark 5:30 (Winer‘s Grammar, 414 (386)); ἐν τῇ γενεά ταύτῃ, among the men of this age, Mark 8:38; ἐν τῷ γένει μου, in my nation i. e. among my countrymen, Galatians 1:14; especially with the dative plural of persons, as ἐν ἡμῖν, ἐν ὑμῖν, among us, among you, ἐν ἀλλήλοις, among yourselves, one with another: Matthew 2:6; Matthew 11:11; Mark 9:50; Luke 1:1; John 1:14; John 13:35; Acts 2:29; 1 Corinthians 3:18; 1 Corinthians 5:1, and often.

b. of the garments with (in) which one is clad: ἐν ἐνδύμασι and the like, Matthew 7:15; Mark 12:38; Luke 24:4; John 20:12; Acts 10:30; Hebrews 11:37; James 2:2; Revelation 3:4; ἠμφιεσμένον ἐν ἱματίοις, Matthew 11:8 (T Tr WH omit; L brackets ἱματίοις); Luke 7:23; περιβάλλεσθαι ἐν ἱματίοις, Revelation 3:5; Revelation 4:4 (L WH text omit ἐν).

c. of that which one either leads or brings with him, or with which he is furnished or equipped; especially after verbs of coming (ἐν of accompaniment), where we often say with: ἐν δέκα χιλιάσιν ὑπανταν, Luke 14:31; ἦλθεν ἐν μυριάσι, Jude 1:14; cf. Grimm on 1 Macc. 1:17; ἐισέρχεσθαι ἐν αἵματι, Hebrews 9:25; ἐν τῷ ὕδατι καί ἐν τῷ αἵματι, 1 John 5:6 (i. e. with the water of baptism and the blood of atonement, by means of both which he has procured the pardon of our sins, of which fact we are assured by the testimony of the Holy Spirit); ἐν ῤάβδῳ, 1 Corinthians 4:21; ἐν πληρώματι εὐλογίας, Romans 15:29; φθάνειν ἐν τῷ εὐαγγελίῳ, 2 Corinthians 10:14; ἐν πνεύματι καί δυνάμει ἥλιον, imbued or furnished with the spirit and power of Elijah, Luke 1:17; ἐν τῇ βασιλεία αὐτοῦ, furnished with the regal power of the Messiah, possessed of his kingly power (Buttmann, 330 (284)): Matthew 16:28; Luke 23:42 (WH text L marginal reading Tr marginal reading εἰς τήν βασιλείαν). Akin is its use d. of the instrument or means by or with which anything is accomplished, owing to the influence of the Hebrew preposition בְּ much more common in the sacred writers than in secular authors. (cf. Winers Grammar, § 48, a. 3 d.; Buttmann, 181 (157) and 329 (283f), where we say with, by means of, by (through); α. in phrases in which the primitive force of the preposition is discernible, as ἐν πυρί κατακαίειν, Revelation 17:16 (T omits; WH brackets ἐν); ἐν ἅλατι ἁλίζειν or ἀρτύειν, Matthew 5:13; Mark 9:50; Luke 14:34; ἐν τῷ αἵματι λευκάνειν, Revelation 7:14; ἐν αἵματι καθαρίζειν, Hebrews 9:22; ἐν ὕδατι βαπτίζειν, Matthew 3:11, etc. (see βαπτίζω, II.

b. bb.). β. with the dative, where the simple dative of the instrument might have been used, especially in the Revelation: ἐν μάχαιρα, ἐν ῤομφαία ἀποκτείνειν, Revelation 6:8; Revelation 13:10; πατάσσειν, Luke 22:49; ἀπολλυσθαι, Matthew 26:52; καταπατεῖν ἐν τοῖς ποσίν, Matthew 7:6; ἐν βραχίονι αὐτοῦ, Luke 1:51; ἐν δακτύλῳ Θεοῦ, Luke 11:20, and in other examples; of things relating to the soul, as ἐν ἁγιασμῷ, 2 Thessalonians 2:13 (Winer‘s Grammar, 417 (388)); 1 Peter 1:2; ἐν τῇ παρακλήσει, 2 Corinthians 7:7; ἐν προσευχή, Matthew 17:21 (T WH omit; Tr brackets the verse); εὐλογεῖν ἐν εὐλογία, Ephesians 1:3; δικαιοῦσθαι ἐν τῷ αἵματι, Romans 5:9. γ. more rarely with the dative of person, meaning aided by one, by the intervention or agency of someone, by (means of) one (cf. Winers Grammar, 389 (364); Buttmann, 329f (283f)): ἐν τῷ ἄρχοντι τῶν δαιμονίων, Matthew 9:34; ἐν ἑτερογλώσσοις, 1 Corinthians 14:21; κρίνειν τήν οἰκουμένην ἐν ἀνδρί, Acts 17:31; ἐν ὑμῖν κρίνεται ὁ κόσμος (preceded by οἱ ἅγιοι τόν κόσμον κρινοῦσιν), 1 Corinthians 6:2; ἐργάζεσθαι ἐν τίνι, Sir. 13:4 Sir. 30:13, 34. δ. followed by an infinitive with the article, in that (German dadurchdass), or like the Latin gerund (or English participial noun; cf. Buttmann, 264 (227)): Acts 3:26; Acts 4:30; Hebrews 2:8; Hebrews 8:13.

e. of the state or condition in which anything is done or anyone exists, acts, suffers; out of a great number of examples (see also in γίνομαι, 5 f.; and εἰμί, V. 4 b.) it is sufficient to cite: ἐν βασάνοις, Luke 16:23; ἐν τῷ θανάτῳ, 1 John 3:14; ἐν ζωή, Romans 5:10; ἐν τοῖς δεσμοῖς, Philemon 1:13; ἐν πειρασμοῖς, 1 Peter 1:6; ἐν ὁμοιώματι σαρκός, Romans 8:3; ἐν πολλῷ ἀγῶνι, 1 Thessalonians 2:2; ἐν δόξῃ, Philippians 4:19; 2 Corinthians 3:7f; σπείρεται ἐν φθορά κτλ. it (namely, that which is sown) is sown in a state of corruption, namely, ὅν, 1 Corinthians 15:42f; ἐν ἑτοίμῳ ἔχειν, to be prepared, in readiness, 2 Corinthians 10:6; ἐν ἐκστάσει, Acts 11:5; Acts 22:17; very often so used of virtues and vices, as ἐν εὐσέβεια καί σεμνότητι, 1 Timothy 2:2; ἐν ἁγιασμῷ, 1 Timothy 2:15; ἐν καινότητι ζωῆς, Romans 6:4; ἐν τῇ ἀνοχή τοῦ Θεοῦ, Romans 3:26 (25); ἐν κακία καί φθόνῳ, Titus 3:3; ἐν πανουργία, 2 Corinthians 4:2; also with an adverbial force: as ἐν δυνάμει, powerfully, with power (Winers Grammar, § 51, 1 e.; Buttmann, 330 (284)), Mark 9:1; Romans 1:4; Colossians 1:29; 2 Thessalonians 1:11; κρίνειν ἐν δικαιοσύνη, Acts 17:31; Revelation 19:11; ἐν χαρά, in joy, joyful, Romans 15:32; ἐν ἐκτένεια, Acts 26:7; ἐν σπουδή, Romans 12:8; ἐν χάριτι, Galatians 1:6; 2 Thessalonians 2:16; ἐν τάχει, Luke 18:8; Romans 16:20; Revelation 1:1. (Here perhaps may be introduced the noteworthy adverbial phrase ἐν πᾶσι τούτοις, with all this, Luke 16:26 L marginal reading T Tr marginal reading WH for R G ἐπί πᾶσι τούτοις (see ἐπί, B. 2 d.); also ἐν πᾶσιν, in all things (R. V. withal), Ephesians 6:16 L text T Tr WH.) A similar use occurs in speaking f. of the form in which anything appears or is exhibited, where ἐν may be represented by the German als (English as); twice so in the N. T.: σοφίαν λαλεῖν ἐν μυστηρίῳ (as a mystery (here A. V. in)), 1 Corinthians 2:7; ἐν τῷ αὐτῷ ὑποδείγματι πίπτειν, Hebrews 4:11 ((A. V. after); others regard this as a pregnant construction, the ἐν marking rest after motion (R. V. marginal reading into); cf. Kurtz or Lünem. at the passage; Buttmann, 329 (283); and 7 below); (διδόναι τί ἐν δωρεά, 2 Macc. 4:30; Polybius 23, 3, 4; 26, 7, 5; ἐν μερίδι, Sir. 26:3; λαμβάνειν τί ἐν φερνή, Polybius 28, 17, 9; examples from Plato are given by Ast, Platonic Lexicon, i., p. 702; Latininmandatisdare i. e. to be considered as orders, Caesar b. g. 1, 43). (Here perhaps may be noticed the apparent use of ἐν to denote the measure or standard (Winers Grammar, § 48, a. 3b.; Bernhardy (1829), p. 211): ἐν μέτρῳ, Ephesians 4:16 (see μέτρον, 2); ἔφερεν ἐν ἑξήκοντα etc. Mark 4:8 WH text (note the εἰς, which see B. II. 3 a.); καρποφοροῦσιν ἐν τριάκοντα etc. Mark 4:20 T Tr text WH text; but some would take ἐν here distributively, cf. Fritzsche on Mark 4:8.) g. of the things in (with) which one is busied: 1 Timothy 4:15; Colossians 4:2; ἐν οἷς, Acts 26:12; ἐν αὐτῷ, in preaching the gospel, Ephesians 6:20; ἐν τῇ ἑορτή, in celebrating the feast, John 2:23 (L Tr brackets ἐν); ἐν τῇ διδαχή, in giving instruction, while teaching, Mark 4:2; Mark 12:38; see εἰμί, V. 4 d.; Passow, i., p. 910b; (Liddell and Scott, under the word, II. 1). h. of that in which anything is embodied or summed up: ἐν αὐτῷ ζωή ἦν, i. e. that life of which created beings were made partakers was comprehended in him, John 1:4; ἐν τούτῳ τῷ λόγῳ ἀνακεφαλαιοῦται, Romans 13:9 (on Ephesians 1:10 see ἀνακεφαλαιόω); πᾶσαν τήν συγγένειαν ἐν ψυχαῖς ἑβδομήκοντα πέντε, comprised in, consisting of, seventy-five souls, Acts 7:14 (Winer‘s Grammar, 391 (366)).

6. of that in which any person or thing is inherently fixed, implanted, or with which it is intimately connected;

a. of the whole in which a part inheres: properly, μένειν ἐν τῇ ἀμπέλῳ, John 15:4; ἐν ἑνί σώματι μέλη πολλά, Romans 12:4; figuratively, κρέμασθαι ἐν τίνι, Matthew 22:40.

b. of a person to whom another is wholly joined and to whose power and. influence he is subject, so that the former may be likened to the place in which the latter lives and moves. So used in the writings of Paul and of John particularly of intimate relationship with God or with Christ, and for the most part involving contextually the idea of power and blessing resulting from that union thus, εἶναι or μένειν ἐν τῷ πατρί or ἐν τῷ Θεῷ, of Christ, John 10:38; John 14:10f; of Christians, 1 John 3:24; 1 John 4:13, 15f; εἶναι or μένειν in Christ, of his disciples and worshippers, John 14:20; John 15:4f; μένειν ἐν τῷ υἱῷ καί ἐν τῷ πατρί, 1 John 2:24; ἐν Θεῷ, i. e. amplified and strengthened in the fellowship of God and the consciousness of that fellowship, ἐργάζεσθαι τί, John 3:21; παρρησιάζεσθαι, 1 Thessalonians 2:2. Of frequent use by Paul are the phrases ἐν Χριστῷ, ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ, ἐν κυρίῳ (cf. Fritzsche, Commentary on Romans, vol. ii., p. 82ff; Winers Grammar, 389 (364); Weiss, Biblical Theol. des N. T. §§ 84 b., 149 c.), ingrafted as it were in Christ, in fellowship and union with Christ, with the Lord: Romans 3:24; Romans 6:11, 23; Romans 8:39; 1 Corinthians 1:4; 2 Corinthians 3:14; Galatians 2:4; Galatians 3:14, 26, 28; Galatians 5:6; Ephesians 1:3 (Rec. omits ἐν); Ephesians 2:6f, 10, 13; 1 Timothy 1:14; 2 Timothy 1:1, 13; 2 Timothy 2:1; 1 Peter 3:16; 1 Peter 5:10; στήκειν ἐν κυρίῳ, Philippians 4:1; ἵνα εὑρεθῶ ἐν αὐτῷ), that I may be found (by God and Christ) most intimately united to him, Philippians 3:9; εἶναι ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ 1 Corinthians 1:30; οἱ ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ, Romans 8:1; 1 Peter 5:14; κοιμᾶσθαι ἐν Χριστῷ, θνήσκειν ἐν κυρίῳ, to fall asleep, to die, mindful of relationship to Christ and confiding in it (Winer‘s Grammar, as above), 1 Corinthians 15:18; Revelation 14:13. Since such union with Christ is the basis on which actions and virtues rest, the expression is equivalent in meaning to by virtue of spiritual fellowship or union with Christ; in this sense it is joined to the following words and phrases: πέπεισμαι, Romans 14:14 (Winer‘s Grammar, as above and 390 note); πεποιθέναι, Galatians 5:10; Philippians 1:14; 2 Thessalonians 3:4; παρρησίαν ἔχειν, Philemon 1:8; ἐλπίζειν, Philippians 2:19; καύχησιν ἔχειν, Romans 15:17; 1 Corinthians 15:31; ἀνῆκεν, Colossians 3:18; τό αὐτό φρονεῖν, Philippians 4:2; ὑπακούειν, Ephesians 6:1 (L omits; Tr WH brackets ἐν κυρίῳ); φῶς, Ephesians 5:8; αὔξει, ; ζοωποιεῖσθαι, 1 Corinthians 15:22; ὁ κόπος οὐκ ἐστι κενός, 1 Corinthians 15:58; ἅγιος, Philippians 1:1; ἡγιασμένος, 1 Corinthians 1:2; λαλεῖν, 2 Corinthians 2:17; 2 Corinthians 12:19; ἀλήθειαν λέγειν, Romans 9:1; λέγειν καί μαρτύρεσθαι, Ephesians 4:17. Hence, it denotes the Christian aim, nature. quality of any action or virtue; thus, ἐυρεστον ἐν κυρίῳ, Colossians 3:20 G L T Tr WH; προσδέχεσθαι τινα, Romans 16:2; Philippians 2:29; ἀσπάζεσθαι τινα, Romans 16:8, 22; 1 Corinthians 16:19; κοπιαν, Romans 16:12 (Winers Grammar, 390 note; L brackets the clause); γαμηθῆναι, 1 Corinthians 7:39; χαίρειν, Philippians 3:1; Philippians 4:4, 10; παρακαλεῖν, 1 Thessalonians 4:1; προΐστασθαι τίνος, 1 Thessalonians 5:12; — or is equivalent to in things pertaining to Christ, in the cause of Christ: νήπιος, 1 Corinthians 3:1; φρόνιμος, 1 Corinthians 4:10; παιδαγωγοι, 1 Corinthians 4:15; ὁδοί μου, 1 Corinthians 4:17; θύρας μοι ἀνεῳγμένης ἐν κυρίῳ, in the kingdom of the Lord, 2 Corinthians 2:12. δικαιοῦσθαι ἐν Χριστῷ, by faith in Christ, Galatians 2:17. Finally, it serves as a periphrasis for Christian (whether person or thing): τούς ἐκ τῶν Ναρκίσσου τούς ὄντας ἐν κυρίῳ (opposed to those of the family of Narcissus who were not Christians), Romans 16:11; ἄνθρωπος ἐν Χριστῷ, a Christian, 2 Corinthians 12:2; αἱ ἐκκλησίαι αἱ ἐν Χριστῷ Galatians 1:22; 1 Thessalonians 2:14; οἱ νεκροί ἐν Χριστο those of the dead who are Christians, 1 Thessalonians 4:16; ἐκλεκτόν ἐν κυρίῳ, a Christian of mark, Romans 16:13; δόκιμος ἐν Χριστῷ an approved Christian, Romans 16:10; δέσμιος ἐν κυρίῳ, a Christian prisoner (tacitly opposed to prisoners of another sort (Winer‘s Grammar, 388 (363))), Ephesians 4:1; πιστός διάκονος ἐν κυρίῳ Ephesians 6:21; Colossians 4:7; διακονία, Colossians 4:17; ἐν Χριστῷ γενναν τινα, to be the author of one’s Christian life or life devoted to Christ, 1 Corinthians 4:15; δεσμοί ἐν Χριστῷ, bonds occasioned by one’s fellowship with Christ, Philippians 1:13 (others connect ἐν Χριστῷ here with φανερούς); it might be freely rendered as Christians, as a Christian, in 1 Corinthians 9:1; Philemon 1:16. ἐν πνεύματι (ἁγίῳ) εἶναι, to be in the power of, be actuated by, inspired by, the Holy Spirit: Romans 8:9 (here in opposed to ἐν σαρκί); γίνεσθαι, Revelation 1:10; Revelation 4:2; ἐν πνεύματι Θεοῦ λαλεῖν, 1 Corinthians 12:3; ἐν πνεύματι or ἐν πνεύματι τῷ ἁγίῳ or ἐν πνεύματι Θεοῦ, namely, ὤν (being) in i. e. under the power of the Spirit, moved by the Spirit (cf. Buttmann, 330 (283f); W 390 (364f)): Matthew 22:43; Mark 12:36; Luke 2:27; 1 Corinthians 12:3; Revelation 17:3; Revelation 21:10. ἄνθρωπος ἐν πνεύματι ἀκαθάρτῳ, namely, ὤν, in the power of an unclean spirit, possessed by one, Mark 1:23; ἐν τῷ πονηρῷ κεῖσθαι, to be held in the power of Satan, 1 John 5:19. οἱ ἐν νόμῳ, subject to the control of the law, Romans 3:19, ἐν τῷ Ἀδάμ ἀποθνῄσκειν, through connection with Adam, 1 Corinthians 15:22.

c. of that in which other things are contained and upheld, as their cause and origin: ἐν αὐτῷ (i. e., in God) ζῶμεν κτλ. in God is found the cause why we live, Acts 17:28; ἐν αὐτῷ (in Christ, as the divine hypostatic λόγος) ἐκτίσθη τά πάντα, in him resides the cause why all things were originally created, Colossians 1:16 (the cause both instrumental and final as well, for ἐν αὐτῷ is immediately afterward resolved into δἰ αὐτοῦ καί εἰς αὐτόν (cf. Winers Grammar, § 50, 6 and Lightfoot at the passage)); τά πάντα ἐν αὐτῷ συνέστηκε, Colossians 1:17; ἐν Ἰσαάκ κληθήσεται σοι σπέρμα, Romans 9:7; Hebrews 11:18, from Genesis 21:12; ἁγιάζεσθαι ἐν, with the dative of thing, Hebrews 10:10, cf. 1 Corinthians 6:11; ἐν τούτῳ πιστεύομεν, in this lies the reason why we believe, John 16:30, cf. 1 Corinthians 4:4; ἐν ᾧ equivalent to ἐν τούτῳ ὅτι (in that), since: Romans 8:3; Hebrews 2:18; Hebrews 6:17 (see 8 e. below). Closely related is the use of ἐν d. of that which gives opportunity, the occasion: ἔφυγεν ἐν τῷ λόγῳ τούτῳ (on i. e. at this word; cf. Winer‘s Grammar, § 48, a. 3 c.), Acts 7:29.

e. after certain verbs denoting an affection, because the affection inheres or resides, as it were, in that to which it relates (cf. Buttmann, 185 (160f); Winers Grammar, 232 (217f)); see εὐδοκέω, εὐδοκία, ἐυφραίνομαι, καυχάομαι, χαίρω, etc.; likewise sometimes after ἐλπίζω, πιστεύω, πίστις (which see in their proper places), because faith and hope are placed in what is believed or hoped for.

7. after verbs implying motion ἐν with the dative is so used as to seem, according to our laws of speech, to be employed for εἰς with the accusative; but it indicates the idea of rest and continuance succeeding the motion; cf. Winers Grammar, § 50, 4; Buttmann, 328f (282f): thus after ἀποστέλλω, Matthew 10:16; Luke 10:3; ἐισέρχεσθαι, Luke 9:46; Revelation 11:11 (not R Tr; WH brackets ἐν); ἐξέρχεσθαι, Luke 7:17; 1 Thessalonians 1:8 (but not after ἔρχεσθαι in Luke 23:42, on which passage see 5 c. above); καταβαίνειν, John 5:4 (R L; cf. Winer‘s Grammar, § 50, 4 a.); ἐπιστρέψαι ἀπειθεῖς ἐν φρονήσει δικαίων, that they may abide in etc. Luke 1:17; καλεῖν ἐν εἰρήνη, ἐν ἁγιασμῷ, ἐν μία ἐλπίδι, equivalent to εἰς τό εἶναι ἡμᾶς (ὑμᾶς) ἐν etc.: 1 Corinthians 7:15; 1 Thessalonians 4:7; Ephesians 4:4; especially after τιθέναι and ἱσταναι, which words see in their places. On the same use of the preposition, common in Homer, somewhat rare in the classic authors, but recurring frequently in writings of a later age, see Winers Grammar, the passage cited; Passow, i. 2, p. 909a; (cf. Liddell and Scott, under I. 8).

8. Constructions somewhat peculiar:

a. ἐν Αἰγύπτου namely, γῆ (by an ellipsis common in Greek writings, cf. Passow, i. 2, p. 908b; (Liddell and Scott, under I. 2); Winers Grammar, 384 (359); (Buttmann, 171 (149))): Hebrews 11:26 (Lachmann); but see Αἴγυπτος.

b. expressions shaped by the Hebrew idiom: ἀγοράζειν ἐν with the dative of price (for the price is the means by which a thing is bought (cf. Winer‘s Grammar, § 48, a. 3 e.)), Revelation 5:9 (ἐν ἀργυρίῳ, 1 Chronicles 21:24). ἀλλάσσειν τί ἐν τίνι (see ἀλλάσσω), to exchange one thing for another (properly, to change something and have the exchange in (cf. Winer‘s Grammar, 388 (363) note; 206 (194))): Romans 1:23, 25 (here μετήλλαξαν. ὄμνυμι ἐν τίνι) בְּ נִשְׁבַּע , cf. Gesenius, Thesaurus iii., p. 1355; (Winers Grammar, § 32, 1 b.; Buttmann, 147 (128))), to swear by (i. e. the name of someone being interposed), or as it were relying on, supported by, someone (cf. Winer‘s Grammar, 389 (364)): Matthew 5:34-36; Matthew 23:16, 18-22; Revelation 10:6.

c. ὁμολογῶ, ἐν τίνι after the Syriac (B ydw) [] [not the tiebr., see Fritzsche on Matthew, p. 386; Buttmann, 176 (153); Winers Grammar, § 32, 3 b., yet cf. § 4, a.]), properly, to confess in one’s case (or when one’s cause is at stake (cf. Winers Grammar, the passage cited; Fritzsche, the passage cited; Weiss, Das Matthäusevang., p. 278 note 1 (and in Meyer on Matthew, edition 7))), the nature of the confession being evident from the context; as, to confess one to be my master and lord, or to be my worshipper: Matthew 10:32; Luke 12:8; (cf. Westcott, Canon, p. 305 note 1).

d. on the very common phrase ἐν ὀνόματι τίνος, see ὄνομα (especially 2). (e. the phrase ἐν ᾧ varies in meaning according to the varying sense of ἐν. It may be, α. local, wherein (equivalent to ἐν τούτῳ ἐν ᾧ): Romans 2:1; Romans 14:22; 2 Corinthians 11:12. β. temporal, while (cf. II. below; Winer‘s Grammar, § 48, a. 2): Mark 2:19; Lukev. 34; John 5:7; Luke 19:13 (Rec. ἕως, which see). γ. instrumental, whereby: Romans 14:21. δ. causal, English in that (see Mätzner, English Gram, translation by Grece, 3:452 — concomitance passing over into causal dependence, or the substratum of the action being regarded as that on which its existence depends; cf. ‘in those circumstances I did so and so’), on the ground of this that, because: Romans 8:3, etc.; see in 6 c. above. According to the last two uses, the phrase may be resolved into ἐν τούτῳ ὅτι or ἐν τούτῳ ὁ (cf. Winers Grammar, § 23, 2 b. and b.); on its use see Winers Grammar, 387 (362) note; Buttmann, 331 (284f); Bernhardy (1829), p. 211; especially Fritzsche on Romans, vol. ii., p. 93f.)

II. With the notion of Time ἐν marks a. periods and portions of time in which anything occurs, in, on, at, during: ἐν τῇ ἡμέρα, ἐν τῇ νυκτί, John 11:9f, etc.; ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις ἐκείναις, Matthew 3:1, etc.; ἐν σαββάτῳ, Matthew 12:2, and in many other examples; ἐν τῷ δευτέρῳ, at the second time, Acts 7:13; ἐν τῷ καθεξῆς, Luke 8:1; ἐν τῷ μεταξύ, in the meantime (Winer‘s Grammar, 592f (551)), John 4:31; (ἐν ἐσχάτῳ χρόνῳ, Jude 1:18 Rec.).

b. before substantives signifying an event, it is sometimes equivalent to at the time of this or that event (German bei); thus ἐν τῇ παλιγγενεσία, Matthew 19:28; ἐν τῇ παρουσία αὐτοῦ or μου, 1 Corinthians 15:23; 1 Thessalonians 2:19; 1 Thessalonians 3:13 (Winer‘s Grammar, § 50, 5); Philippians 2:12; 1 John 2:28; ἐν τῇ ἀναστάσει, Matthew 22:28; Mark 12:23; Luke 14:14; Luke 20:33; ἐν τῇ ἐσχάτῃ σάλπιγγι, at (the sounding of) the last trumpet, 1 Corinthians 15:52; ἐν τῇ ἀποκαλύψει of Christ, 2 Thessalonians 1:7; 1 Peter 1:7, 13; 1 Peter 4:13.

c. before infinitives with the article (Buttmann, 263f (226f); Winers Grammar, § 44, 6); before the infinitive present it signifies while, as: Matthew 13:4 (ἐν τῷ σπείρειν); Matthew 13:25 (ἐν … τῷ καθεύδειν τούς ἀνθρώπους); Matthew 27:12; Mark 6:48; Luke 1:21 (cf. Buttmann, the passage cited); ; 1 Corinthians 11:21; Galatians 4:18, etc.; before the infinitive aorist, when, after that: Luke 9:36; Luke 19:15, etc.

d. within, in the course of: ἐν τρισίν ἡμέραις, Matthew 27:40; Mark 15:29 (L T Tr omit; WH brackets ἐν); John 2:19 (Tr WH brackets ἐν), 20; cf. Winers Grammar, § 48, a. 2; (Buttmann, § 133, 26).

III. In Composition. Prefixed to adjectives ἐν denotes lying or situated in some place or condition, possessed of or noted for something; as in ἐνάλιος, ἔνδοξος, ἔμφοβος. Prefixed to Verbs it signifies

1. remaining, staying, continuing in some place, state, or condition; as, ἔνειμι, ἐμμένω, ἐνοικέω.

2. motion into something, entering into, mingling in; as, ἐμβαίνω, ἐμβατεύω, ἐγκαλέω (summon to court), ἐγγράφω, ἐγκρύπτω.

3. in ἐμφυσάω, ἐμπρήθω, ἐμπτύω it answers to German an (on). Before beta β’, mu μ’, pi π, phi Φ, psi Ψ, ἐν changes to εμ(, before gamma γ’ kappa κ’ xi Ξ chi Χ, to εγγ(, before lambda λ’ to ελ(, although this assimilation is neglected also in the older manuscripts (in א not often changed, Scrivener, Collation etc., p. lvi.; “in some words assimilation is constant according to all or at least all primary manuscripts while in a comparatively small number of cases authority is divided. Speaking generally, assimilation is the rule in compounds of ἐν, retention of the nu ν in those of σύν (Prof. Hort). Following manuscript authority T WH write ἐγγράφω, ἐνκαθετος, ἐνκαινια, ἐνκαινίζω, ἐνκατοικέω, ἐνκαυχάομαι, ἐνκεντρίζω, ἐνκρίνω, ἐνπεριπατέω, ἐνπνέω; T ἐνκόπτω; WH ἐνκοπη, ἐνκυος; but L T Tr WH retain ἐγκαλέω, ἔγκλημα, ἐγκομβωμαι, ἐγκράτεια, ἐγκρατεύομαι, ἐγκρατής, ἐγχρίω, ἐλλογέω (ἐλλογάω), ἐμβαίνω, ἐμβάλλω, ἐμβάπτω, ἐμβατεύω, ἐμβλέπω, ἐμβριμάομαι, ἐμμαίνομαι, ἐμπαιγμονῇ, ἐμπαιγμός, ἐμπαίζω, ἐμπαίκτης, ἐμπίπλημι, ἐμπίπτω, ἐμπλέκω, ἐμπλοκή, ἐμπορεύομαι, ἐμπορία, ἐμπόριον, ἔμπορος, ἐμπτύω, ἐμφανής, ἐμφανίζω, ἔμφοβος, ἔμφυτος; L T Tr ἔγκυος; L Tr WH ἐμμένω, ἔμπροσθεν; L Tr ἐγγράφω, ἐγκάθετος, ἐγκαίνια, ἐγκαινίζω, ἐγκακέω, ἐγκαταλείπω, ἐγκατοικέω, ἐγκαυχάομαι, ἐγκεντρίζω, ἐγκοπή, ἐγκόπτω, ἐγκρίνω, ἐμπεριπατέω, ἐμπνέω; T ἐμπιπράω; T WH are not uniform in ἐγκακέω, ἐγκαταλείπω; nor T in ἐμμένω, ἔμπροσθεν; nor WH in ἐγκόπτω. — Add L T Tr WH ἀνέγκλητος, παρεμβάλλω, παρεμβολή. See Gregory in the Proleg. to Tdf: edition 8, p. 76ff; Hort in WHs Appendix, p. 149; Alexander Buttmann (1873) in Studien und Kritiken for 1862, p. 179f; especially Meisterhans, p. 46)

STRONGS NT 1722: ενκ(ενκ(, see εγκ( and under the word ἐν, III. 3.

STRONGS NT 1722: ενπ(ενπ( see εμπ( and under the word ἐν, III. 3 fine print.

about, after, as.A primary preposition denoting (fixed) position (in place, time or state), and (by implication) instrumentality (medially or constructively), i.e. A relation of rest (intermediate between eis and ek); “in,” at, (up-)on, by, etc. — about, after, against, + almost, X altogether, among, X as, at, before, between, (here-)by (+ all means), for (… Sake of), + give self wholly to, (here-)in(-to, -wardly), X mightily, (because) of, (up-)on, (open-)ly, X outwardly, one, X quickly, X shortly, (speedi-)ly, X that, X there(-in, -on), through(-out), (un-)to(-ward), under, when, where(-with), while, with(-in). Often used in compounds, with substantially the same import; rarely with verbs of motion, and then not to indicate direction, except (elliptically) by a separate (and different) preposition.

see GREEK eis

see GREEK ek

ει εις εἰς εκ ἐκ ΕΝ ἐν ἔν εξ επι επί ἐπὶ παρ’ σὺν την eis ek EN én epi epì par par’ sun syn sỳn

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